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Types and Uses of Metallic Materials 1

Steel types
Stainless steel types
Aluminum alloy types
Temper designations of aluminum alloys

Steel types

Type	Symbol	Examples of uses	Properties	JIS	Flat steel	Square steel	Hexagonal bar steel	Cylindrical rod	Steel plate	Steel beam
Rolled steel for general structural use	SS400	General machine parts	Good workablity and weldability.	JIS G 3101	○	○		○	○	○
Cold finished steel bars (cold drawing)	SS400-D	General machine parts	Good accuracy and surface roughness, and can be used as-is or with a small amount of cutting.	JIS G 3123	○	○	○	○
Carbon steel for machine structural use	S45C	General machine parts	Hardening is available. Tensile strength of 570 N/mm^² (normalizing)	JIS G 4051	○	○	○	○	○
Carbon steel for machine structural use	S50C	General machine parts	Hardening is available. Tensile strength of 610 N/mm^² (normalizing)	JIS G 4051	○	○	○	○	○
Alloy steel material for mechanical structures	SCM415	Machine parts requiring strength Screws, etc	SCM435 Tensile strength of 930N / mm^² or higher and hardness of 270 HB or higher after hardening and tempering	JIS G 4053	○	○	○	○	○
	SCM420
	SCM435
Carbon tool steel	SK95 (SK4)	Shafts, pins, etc.	Drill rod material (cylindrical rod) S95 material is cold drawn and finished by cutting. Grade 7 (-DG7) = h7 Grade 8 (-DG8) = h8 Grade 9 (-DG9) = h9	JIS G 4401	○			○
Carbon tool steel	SK85 (SK5)	Shafts, pins, etc.		JIS G 4401	○			○	○
Alloy tool steel	SKS93	Hardening parts	Far less deformation due to hardening than SK carbon steel materials.	JIS G 4404	○	○		○
Alloy tool steel	SKS3	Hardening parts		JIS G 4404	○	○		○
Sulfur and sulfur composite free cutting steel Steel material	SUM21	requiring strength (steel for free cutting)	Free-cutting steel with sulfur added to carbon steel for improved machinability.	JIS G 4804		○	○	○
	SUM22L		Free-cutting steel to which lead is added in addition to sulfur.
	SUM24L
High-carbon chrome Bearing steel	SUJ2	Rolling bearings, etc.	Bearing steel	JIS G 4805				○
Cold-rolled steel plate	SPCC	Covers, cases, etc.	Produced by rolling at near room temperature. High dimensional precision with beautiful surface texture. Good workability for bending, drawing, and cutting. Good weldability.	JIS G 3141					○
Hot-rolled mild steel plate	SPHC	Parts for general machine structures	Compatible thicknesses: 1.2 mm or more, 14 mm or less	JIS G 3131					○

Stainless steel types

Classification	Symbol	Examples of uses	Properties	Magnetic properties	JIS	Flat steel	Square steel	Hexagonal bar steel	Cylindrical rod	Steel plate	Steel beam
Austenite-base	SUS303	Machine parts requiring rust prevention	18-8-grade free-cutting stainless steel. Better cuttability than SUS304.	No^*	JIS G 4303 4304 4305	○		○	○
	SUS304		The most versatile material as general corrosion resistant and heat-resistant steel.	No^*		○	○	○	○	○	○
	SUS316		Better corrosion resistance than 304 to sea water and various media.	No^*		○		○	○	○
Martensite-base	SUS410	Machine parts requiring rust prevention (Corrosion resistance is inferior to austenite-base)	Hardening is available. Good workablity.	Yes		○			○	○
Martensite-base	SUS440C		Hardening is available.	Yes		○			○	○
Ferrite-base	SUS430	Machine parts requiring rust prevention	General-use stainless steel with high corrosion resistance.	Yes		○			○	○

**Machining on austenite-base may cause it to become magnetic.

<Reference: corrosion resistance of stainless steel>

Test method: Compliant with JIS H 8502; cycle test method as a composite corrosion test
Test conditions: (1) Salt spray test (5% NaCl. 35°C) 2hr; (2) Drying (60 °C) 4hr; (3) Humidity (95% RH. 35°C) 2hr; 1 cycle in 8hr

External appearance of specimen before the start of the test, after 48hr, and after 168hr

	SS400	SUS440C	SUS304	SUS316	＊G−STAR
Before the start of the test
48hr
168hr

*G-STAR is martensitic stainless steel (pre-hardened steel) produced by Daido Steel Co., Ltd.

Aluminum alloy types

Alloy number	Symbol	Examples of uses	Properties	JIS	Flat steel	Square steel	Cylindrical rod	Steel plate	Steel beam
2011	A2011BE(S) A2011BD(S) A2011W(S)	Volume shafts, optical parts, screws, etc.	It is as strong as 2017 and has very good milling properties but poor corrosion resistance.	JIS H 4000 4040			○
2017	A2017P A2017BE(S) A2017BD(S) A2017W(S)	Machine parts, rivet materials, aviation materials, automotive parts, etc.	High strength is obtained by accelerated aging. Good milling properties, but poor corrosion resistance and weldability.		○		○	○
5052	A5052P A5052BE(S) A5052BD(S) A5052W(S)	Ship materials, vehicle materials, construction materials, beverage cans, etc.	A typical medium-strength alloy with good corrosion resistance, moldability, and weldability.		○		○	○
5056	A5056BE(S) A5056BD(S) A5056W(S)	Optical devices, communications device components, zippers, etc.	Excellent strength and ductility, good corrosion resistance, milling, and anodic oxidation treatment properties.				○
6005C (旧6N01)	A6005CBE(S)	Structural materials, etc.	An alloy with strength between 6061 and 6063 and excellent extrudability and hardening. It has good corrosion resistance and can be welded.			○			○
6061	A6061P A6061BE(S) A6061BD(S) A6061W(S)	Rivet materials, bolt materials, automotive parts, etc.	Heat-treatable corrosion-resistant alloy. Aging gives considerable high proof stress values, but poor weldability.		○		○
6063	A6063BE(S) A6063BD(S)	Construction materials, civil engineering materials, furniture, home appliances, vehicle materials, etc.	A typical extrusion alloy. Lower in strength than 6061, but has excellent extrudability and good corrosion resistance, and surface treatment properties.			○	○		○
7075	A7075P A7075PC A7075BE(S) A7075BD(S)	Aviation parts, rivet materials, etc.	One of the strongest aluminum alloys.		○		○

The special class is indicated by (s).

Designations for types of aluminum alloys

P	Plate
PC	Clad Plate
BE	Extruded Bar (normal class)
BD	Drawn Bar (normal class)
W	Drawn Wire (normal class)
TE	Extruded Tube (normal class)

TD	Drawn Tube (normal class)
TW	Welded Tube (normal class)
TWA	Arc-Welded Tube
S	Extruded Shape (normal class)
FD	Die Forging
FH	Hand Forging

Temper designations of aluminum alloys

Symbol		Description
F		As-manufactured condition. The material is in an extruded form without thermal refining.
H112		In expanded material, mechanical properties are guaranteed in the as-manufactured condition without aggressive work hardening.
H	H1n	H1 indicates only work hardening.	n is assigned a number from 1 to 9, indicating the degree of work hardening. If the number following H1 is 1, it means "1/8 hard"; H11 means an "expanded aluminum alloy that has been work-hardened only to become 1/8 hard"; 2 is "1/4 hard"; 3 is "3/8 hard"; 4 is "1/2 hard"; 5 is "5/8 hard"; 6 is "3/4 hard"; 7 is "7/8 hard"; 8 is "hard", and 9 is "extra hard."
	H2n	H2 indicates work hardening followed by softening heat treatment.
	H3n	H3 indicates work hardening followed by stabilization treatment.
O		The softest state of the product after annealing.
T	T1	Naturally aged after cooling by high-temperature processing. Compatible with alloys such as 6063, where hardening is easily obtained by cooling after high-temperature processing (extrusion).
	T3	Indicates solution annealing followed by cold working and natural aging. A cold working process is included to give higher strength and yield greater flatness and dimensional accuracy than T4 material.
	T351	After solution annealing, the alloy is cold worked to increase its strength, and residual stress is removed by tensile working to give a permanent strain of between 1.5% and 3%, followed by natural aging.
	T4	Indicates the state in which natural aging has been completed after solution treatment. In particular, T4 processed under the specified conditions at the consumer is referred to as T42.
	T5	Indicates artificially aged after cooling by high-temperature processing. Compatible with alloys and castings such as 6063, where hardening is easily obtained by cooling after high-temperature processing (extrusion).
	T6	Indicates artificially aged after solution treatment. Superior strength can be achieved without cold working through the typical heat treatment of a heat-treatable alloy. In particular, T6 processed under the specified conditions at the consumer is referred to as T62.
	T61	Indicates solution annealing by hot water hardening followed by artificial age-hardening treatment.
	T651	After solution annealing, residual stress is removed by tensile processing that imposes a permanent strain of between 1.5% and 3%, followed by natural aging.
	T7	Indicates stabilized after solution treatment. Performed to prevent corrosion stress fractures and protect against deformations and other faults that occur due to hardening.
	T8	Indicates solution treatment followed by cold working and then artificial age hardening treatment.
	T9	Indicates solution annealing treatment followed by artificial age hardening treatment and then cold working.